Marshal of the Soviet Union

Marshal of the Soviet Union (Russian: Marshal Sovietskogo Soyuza [Маршал Советского Союза]) was the de facto highest military rank of the Soviet Union. (The highest rank de jure, Generalissimus of the Soviet Union, was created for Joseph Stalin and held by him alone).

The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was created in 1935 and abolished in 1991. Forty-one people held the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. The equivalent naval rank was Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union.

Contents 1 History of the rank 2 List of Marshals of the Soviet Union 3 See also 4 External links

History of the rank

The military rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was established by a decree of the Soviet Cabinet, the Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom), on September 22, 1935. On November 20, the rank was conferred on five people: People's Commissar of Defence and veteran Bolshevik Kliment Voroshilov, Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army Alexander Ilyich Yegorov, and three senior commanders, Vasily Blyukher, Semyon Budyonny, and Mikhail Tukhachevsky.

Of these, Blyukher, Tukhachevsky and Yegorov were executed during Stalin's Great Purge of 1937–38. On May 7, 1940, three new Marshals were appointed: the new People's Commissar of Defence, Semyon Timoshenko, Boris Shaposhnikov, and Grigory Kulik.

During World War II, Timoshenko and Budyonny were dismissed, and Kulik was demoted for incompetence, and the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was given to a number of military commanders who earned it on merit. These included Georgy Zhukov, Ivan Konev and Konstantin Rokossovsky to name a few. In 1943, Stalin himself was made a Marshal of the Soviet Union, and in 1945, he was joined by his intelligence and police chief Lavrenti Beria. These non-military Marshals were joined in 1947 by politician Nikolai Bulganin.

Two Marshals were executed in postwar purges: Kulik in 1950 and Beria in 1953, following Stalin's death. Thereafter the rank was awarded only to professional soldiers, with the exception of Leonid Brezhnev, who made himself a Marshal in 1976, and Ustinov, who was prominent in the arms industry and was appointed Defence Minister in July 1976. The last Marshal of the Soviet Union was Dmitry Yazov, appointed in 1990, who was imprisoned after the failed coup against Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991. Marshal Sergei Akhromeev committed suicide in 1991 on the fall of the Soviet Union.

The Marshals fell into three generational groups.

• Those who had gained their reputations during the Russian Civil War. These included both those who were purged in 1937–38 (Blyukher, Tukhachevsky and Yegorov), and those who held high commands in the early years of World War II (Budyonny, Kulik, Shaposhnikov, Timoshenko and Voroshilov). All of the latter except Shaposhnikov and Timoshenko proved incompetent and were removed from commanding positions.

• Those who made their reputations in World War II and assumed high commands in the latter part of the war. These included Zhukov, Vasilievsky, Konev, Rokossovsky, Malinovsky, Tolbukhin and Govorov.

• Those who assumed high command in the Cold War era. All of these were officers in World War II, but their higher commands were held in the Warsaw Pact or as Soviet Defence Ministers. These included Grechko, Yakubovsky, Kulikov, Ogarkov, Akhromeev, and Yazov.

All Marshals in the third category had been officers in World War II, except Brezhnev, who had been a military commissar, and Ustinov, who had been an arms factory manager. Even Yazov, who was 20 when the war ended, had been a platoon commander.

The rank was abolished with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. It was succeeded in the new Russia by the rank of Marshal of the Russian Federation, which has been held by only one person, Marshal Igor Sergeyev, who was Russian Defence Minister from 1997 to 2001.

List of Marshals of the Soviet Union

Note: All Marshals of the Soviet Union, with the exception of Non-Military Marshals had at least started their military careers in the Army. The Service Arms listed are the services they served in during their respective tenures as Marshals of the Soviet Union.

Name	Lifespan	Appointed	Service Arm or Background
Voroshilov, KlimentKliment Voroshilov	1881–1969	01935-11 November 1935	Army/Political
Tukhachevsky, MikhailMikhail Tukhachevsky	1893–1937	01935-11 November 1935	Army
Yegorov, AlexanderAlexander Yegorov	18831025–1939	01935-11 November 1935	Army
Budyonny, SemyonSemyon Budyonny	18830425–1973	01935-11 November 1935	Army
Blücher, VasilyVasily Blücher	18901201–1938	01935-11 November 1935	Army
Timoshenko, SemyonSemyon Timoshenko	18951218–1970	01940-05 May 1940	Army
Kulik, GrigoryGrigory Kulik	18901109–1950	01940-05 May 1940	Army
Shaposhnikov, BorisBoris Shaposhnikov	1882–1945	01940-05 May 1940	Army
Zhukov, SergeiGeorgy Zhukov	18961201–1974	01943-01 January 1943	Army
Vasilevsky, AleksandrAleksandr Vasilevsky	18950930–1977	01943-02 February 1943	Army
Stalin, JosephJoseph Stalin	1879–1953	01943-03 March 1943	Political
Konev, IvanIvan Konev	18971228–1973	01944-02 February 1944	Army
Govorov, LeonidLeonid Govorov	18970222–1955	01944-06-18 June 18, 1944 June 1944	Army
Rokossovsky, KonstantinKonstantin Rokossovsky [1]	18961220–1968	01944-06-29 June 29, 1944 June 1944	Army
Malinovsky, RodionRodion Malinovsky	18981123–1967	01944-09-10 September 10, 1944 September 1944	Army
Tolbukhin, FyodorFyodor Tolbukhin	1894–1949	01944-09-12 September 12, 1944 September 1944	Army
Meretskov, KirillKirill Meretskov	18970607–1968	01944-10 October 1944	Army
Beria, LavrentiyLavrentiy Beria	1899–1953	01945-07 July 1945	NKVD/MGB
Sokolovsky, VasilyVasily Sokolovsky	18970721–1968	01946-07 July 1946	Army
Bulganin, NikolaiNikolai Bulganin	18950530–1975	01947-11 November 1947	Political
Bagramyan, IvanHovhannes Bagramyan [2]	18971202–1982	01955-03 March 1955	Army
Biryuzov, SergeySergey Biryuzov	19040821–1964	01955-03 March 1955	Army/Air Defence/Strategic Rocket Forces
Grechko, AndreiAndrei Grechko	19030117–1976	01955-03 March 1955	Army
Yeremenko, AndreiAndrei Yeremenko	1892–1970	01955-03 March 1955	Army
Moskalenko, KirillKirill Moskalenko	1902–1985	01955-03 March 1955	Army/Strategic Rocket Forces
Chuikov, VasilyVasily Chuikov	19000212–1982	01955-03 March 1955	Army
Zakharov, MatveiMatvei Zakharov	18980817–1972	01959-05 May 1959	Army
Golikov, FilippFilipp Golikov	19000629–1980	01961-05 May 1961	Army
Krylov, Nikolay IvanovichNikolay Krylov	19030429–1972	01962-05 May 1962	Army/Strategic Rocket Forces
Yakubovsky, IvanIvan Yakubovsky	1912–1976	01967-04 April 1967	Army
Batitsky, PavelPavel Batitsky	1910–1984	01968-04 April 1968	Air Defence
Koshevoy, PyotrPyotr Koshevoy	19041221–1976	01968-04 April 1968	Army
Brezhnev, LeonidLeonid Brezhnev	1906–1982	01976-05 May 1976	Political
Ustinov, DmitriyDmitriy Ustinov	1908–1984	01976-07 July 1976	Defence Industry
Kulikov, ViktorViktor Kulikov	1921born 1921	01977-01 January 1977	Army
Ogarkov, NikolaiNikolai Ogarkov	19171030–1994	01977-01 January 1977	Army
Sokolov, SergeiSergei Sokolov	1911born 1911	01978-02 February 1978	Army
Akhromeyev, SergeiSergei Akhromeyev	19230505–1991	01983-03 March 1983	Army
Kurkotkin, SemyonSemyon Kurkotkin	19170213–1990	01983-03 March 1983	Army
Petrov, Vasily IvanovichVasily Petrov	19170115 born 1917	01983-03 March 1983	Army
Yazov, DmitryDmitry Yazov	19231108born 1923	01990-04 April 1990	Army

See also

• Military ranks of the Soviet Union

External links

• Biographies of all the Marshals of the USSR

Marshals of the Soviet Union Voroshilov Tukhachevsky Budyonny Yegorov Blyukher Timoshenko Kulik Shaposhnikov Zhukov Vasilevsky Stalin Konev Govorov Rokossovsky Malinovsky Tolbukhin Meretskov Beria Sokolovsky Bulganin Bagramyan Biryuzov Grechko Yeryomenko Moskalenko Chuikov Zakharov Golikov Krylov Yakubovsky Batitsky Koshevoy Brezhnev Ustinov Kulikov Ogarkov Sokolov Akhromeyev Kurkotkin Petrov Yazov

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